Clinical Nutrition Research

Personalized nutrition interventions using digital technologies for older adults: a scoping review: Soyoung Jung, Hae Jin Kang, Yoo Kyoung Park; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(3):228-241. Published online July 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0027

Abstract
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Objective

As global populations age, nutrition management is important for healthy aging. Digital technologies, including mobile applications, web-based platforms, messaging tools, and artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled systems, are used in personalized nutrition interventions. However, evidence on their characteristics, effectiveness, and user experiences remains limited. This scoping review examined technology-based personalized nutrition interventions for older adults.
Methods
This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies published from January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2026. Among 2,727 records, 2,044 were screened after duplicate removal, 28 full-text articles were assessed, and 13 articles representing 12 studies were included.
Results
Technologies included mobile, messaging, web-based, information and communications technology, tablet-based, and AI-supported systems. Interventions involved dietary recording, personalized feedback, remote counseling, coaching, and self-monitoring. Outcomes included dietary intake and quality, nutritional status, physical function, frailty, cognition, cardiometabolic indicators, engagement, usability, and acceptability. Findings were more consistent for dietary behaviors and individualized nutrition management. Evidence for physical function, frailty, cognition, cardiometabolic health, and quality of life was limited and often based on small or multidomain studies. Familiar interfaces and professional support were accepted, whereas low digital literacy, complex navigation, and limited food databases were barriers.
Conclusion
Digital personalized nutrition interventions may support dietary behavior change and individualized nutrition management in older adults. Larger studies and user-centered systems addressing digital literacy, usability, cultural context, and AI-feedback validation are needed.

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Estimating added sugars intake among South Koreans: results from the 2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Youngmin Nam, Linxi Huang, Cho-il Kim, Jihyun Yoon; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(3):139-148. Published online July 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0025

Abstract
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Objective

This study aimed to adapt a systematic methodology for estimating the added sugars content of South Korean foods and to assess added sugars intake among South Koreans using data from the 2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Methods
The estimation procedure developed for Australian foods was modified and applied to South Korean foods. Added sugars content was estimated for 2,314 food items using the modified 7-step estimation procedure, and these estimates were applied to dietary intake data. Mean contents of total sugars and estimated added sugars were summarized by food group. Mean intakes of total sugars and added sugars, the percentage of energy from added sugars, and the prevalence of excessive added sugars intake were estimated.
Results
According to the modified estimation procedure, 53% of food items were assigned to step 1 (total sugars=0) or step 2 (non-added sugars food groups) and therefore assigned added sugars content of zero, while 21% were assigned to step 3, in which all total sugars were classified as added sugars. Mean added sugars intake was 30.7 g/day, accounting for about half of total sugars intake (58.3 g/day). Overall, 21.2% of the population had energy intake from added sugars exceeding 10% of total energy intake, with the highest proportion observed among adolescent girls (37.9%).
Conclusion
This study provides the first nationally representative estimates of added sugars intake among South Koreans by adapting a systematic methodology. These findings provide a robust foundation for monitoring population-level added sugars intake and informing the development of targeted policies and interventions to reduce added sugars intake.

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Assessment of nutrient intake, nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits by sports type among adolescent athletes at a physical education high school: a cross-sectional study: Saningun Lee, Paul Kim, In Seok Lee; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(3):172-183. Published online July 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0024

Objective

This study aimed to compare the nutrient intake, nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits of track-and-field (TF) and weight-class (WC) adolescent varsity athletes.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 144 adolescent athletes (TF group, 76; WC group, 68) aged 15 to 18 years at a physical education high school in Seoul, South Korea. Their nutrient intake, dietary quality, nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, and weight control behaviors were assessed using food records and questionnaires.
Results
Regarding nutrient intake, the consumption of carbohydrates, including energy, was substantially lower than the sports nutrition recommendations in both groups. However, the overall diet quality, including the mean adequacy ratio and nutrient adequacy ratio for key micronutrients, was significantly higher in the WC group than in the TF group, with female WC athletes consuming significantly more energy than female TF athletes (P<0.05). For nutrition knowledge, both groups lacked overall sports nutrition understanding; however, the WC group scored significantly higher in dietary fat knowledge (P<0.05). As for dietary habits, despite having better meal quality, harmful weight control behaviors, including skipping breakfast (P<0.001) and fasting (P<0.05), were significantly more common in the WC group than in the TF group.
Conclusion
The WC group, while showing better meal quality, practiced unhealthier dietary behaviors and weight control methods more often than the TF group. Additionally, both groups exhibited insufficient energy intake and lacked overall nutrition knowledge. Therefore, tailored sports nutrition education is urgently needed among South Korean adolescent athletes.

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Prevalence and factors of concurrent wasting and stunting among children aged 6 to 59 months in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study using the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2021–2022: Marina Lim, Seungmin Lee; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(3):191-202. Published online July 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0023

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Objective

This study investigated the prevalence and factors of concurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt) in Cambodian children aged 6–59 months.
Methods
This cross-sectional analysis of the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey from 2021 to 2022 included 3,420 children aged 6–59 months and a subsample of 1,237 aged 6–23 months for whom dietary indicators were available. WaSt was defined as height-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores below −2 standard deviations according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards. Dietary indicators followed 2021 WHO/UNICEF infant and young child feeding definitions. Survey-weighted logistic regression was employed in Stata 18.0, with statistical significance set at P<0.05.
Results
The prevalence rates were 22.4% for stunting, 9.3% for wasting, and 2.1% for WaSt. The odds of WaSt were higher among children with low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92–12.63), those born to underweight mothers (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.06–5.56), and those from the poorest wealth tertile (AOR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.14–5.31). Contrarily, the odds were lower among girls (AOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28–0.97) and children of mothers who were overweight or obese (AOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10–0.65). No dietary indicator was associated with WaSt, although power was limited by few cases (n=21).
Conclusion
WaSt was independently associated with low birth weight, maternal underweight, and household poverty, whereas no significant association with dietary indicators was observed. Integrated programs targeting maternal nutrition, birth outcomes, and poverty in vulnerable households are warranted.

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Secular trends in dietary patterns among South Korean primary school–aged children based on the 2007–2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Adiyasuren Dookhuu, Diana Shubekova, Juhae Kim, Minji Kang; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(3):149-160. Published online July 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0018

Objective

This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics among South Korean primary school–aged children.
Methods
Data from 10,173 children aged 6–12 years who participated in the 2007–2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Their dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall, and dietary patterns were derived from the energy contributions of 26 food groups through cluster analysis.
Results
Three patterns were identified: rice-based pattern (47.3%), flour-based pattern (17.7%), and diversified type (35.1%). From 2007 to 2022, the prevalence of the rice-based pattern declined substantially (56.6%–32.6%), whereas that of the diversified type markedly increased (27.3%–47.0%). Survey-weighted analyses revealed that the dietary patterns were significantly associated with age, household income, vigorous physical activity, meal-skipping, eating-out frequency, and dietary supplement use (all, P<0.05). Children following the flour-based pattern tended to be older, skip breakfast more often, and engage in less vigorous physical activities. The rice-based pattern included a higher proportion of children from low-income households, whereas the diversified type showed more favorable socioeconomic characteristics and family breakfast practices. Overall, the rice-based and flour-based patterns were associated with less favorable lifestyle behaviors than the diversified type.
Conclusion
Dietary patterns among South Korean primary school–aged children appear to be closely related to socioeconomic status and daily health behaviors. Nutrition education and public health interventions promoting balanced diets, reduced meal skipping, and healthier lifestyles during childhood are needed.

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Factors associated with achieving adequate caloric delivery immediately after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a retrospective observational study: En Amada, Yoshihiro Watanabe; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(3):203-210. Published online July 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0004

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Objective

Failure to achieve adequate caloric intake is common after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and may contribute to progressive malnutrition in older adults. This study aimed to identify factors associated with achieving adequate caloric delivery early after PEG placement.
Methods
This single-center retrospective observational study included patients aged ≥65 years who underwent PEG between January 2022 and December 2024. Target caloric intake was determined based on basal energy expenditure (BEE). The target nutritional intake achievement rate (TaNIAR) was defined as the ratio of final delivered calories to BEE. Patients were classified into an underfeeding group (TaNIAR <100%) and an appropriate-feeding group (TaNIAR ≥100%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with achieving TaNIAR ≥100%.
Results
Fifty-nine patients were analyzed; 15 were classified as underfeeding and 44 as appropriate-feeding. The median final caloric intake, calculated in increments of 300 kcal corresponding to the packet size of the enteral formula, was 1,200 kcal (range, 600–1,200 kcal) in the underfeeding group and 1,200 kcal (range, 900–1,400 kcal) in the appropriate-feeding group. Multivariable analysis identified the use of a pectin-containing oligomeric formula (POF) (odds ratio [OR], 32.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7–292.9) and BEE ≤990 kcal/day (OR, 29.5; 95% CI, 3.1–277.7) as factors independently associated with achieving TaNIAR ≥100%. The final caloric intake clustered within a relatively narrow range in both groups.
Conclusion
Lower BEE and the use of POF were independently associated with achieving adequate caloric delivery after PEG placement. Optimization of enteral formula selection may represent a practical strategy to improve early nutritional adequacy in older patients. Further prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

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Toward a longevity diet framework: integrating global evidence for healthy aging in the South Korean population: Soyoung Jung, Hae Jin Kang, Mijoo Choi, Yoo Kyoung Park; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(2):91-100. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0015

Abstract
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Objective

As global life expectancy rises, the focus has shifted from longevity alone to healthy aging. Although dietary models such as the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, and EAT-Lancet diets show benefits for specific health outcomes, their direct application to South Korean populations is limited by differences in dietary patterns and cultural practices. This study aimed to develop nutritional criteria for a South Korean-adapted longevity diet framework. Methods: A multiphase development approach was used, including a narrative review of major dietary models and clinical nutrition guidelines to identify key components of a longevity diet. Macronutrient distribution, food group intake, and nutrient-specific recommendations were synthesized into a structured framework. The EAT-Lancet reference diet was adjusted from 2,400 to 2,000 kcal/ day to reflect energy requirements of South Korean adults. Results: The proposed framework comprises six domain-specific recommendations, including macronutrient targets of 50%–65% carbohydrates, 10%–20% protein, and 15%–30% fat, with a 1:1 animal to plant protein ratio. Food group recommendations were tailored to South Korean dietary patterns. The framework addresses weight management, glycemic control, cardiovascular health, cognitive function, muscle function, and skin health. It emphasizes whole grains, dietary fiber, plant-based proteins, and unsaturated fats, while limiting refined carbohydrates, added sugars, and saturated fats. Conclusion: This study presents evidence-based nutritional criteria for a South Korean-adapted longevity diet framework that integrates disease prevention with functional health support to promote healthy aging.

Citations

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Life-course nutrition strategies for Korean middle-aged adults across biological transitions, nutritional burdens, and a community-linked precision nutrition model: a narrative review
Yoo Kyoung Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2026; 31(3): 215. CrossRef

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Dietary intake patterns and nutritional adequacy in older adults with predialysis chronic kidney disease: a comparison by diabetes status: Jeong Eun Kim, Jisoo Kim, Yu-Jin Kwon, Jung Eun Lee, Jung Joo Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Yoo Kyoung Park; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(2):108-116. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0014

Objective

Nutritional management is essential in caring for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), older adults at higher risk of malnutrition and comorbidities. However, data on actual dietary intake patterns in older adults with predialysis CKD, especially by diabetes mellitus (DM) status, remain limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 106 patients aged ≥65 years with CKD stage G3a or higher, divided into DM (n=67) and non-DM (n=39) groups. Dietary intake was assessed using a single 24-hour recall. Nutrient and food-group intakes were compared with recommended levels. Results: In both groups, energy intake was lower than recommended levels. More than half of the participants exceeded sodium limits, and approximately half consumed excess protein. Patients with DM had significantly higher protein intake and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels than those without DM. Most food groups, except protein foods, were consumed below recommended levels. Conclusion: Dietary patterns in older adults with predialysis CKD showed low energy intake, high sodium intake, and relatively high protein intake. Those with DM had higher protein intake and BUN levels, suggesting dietary differences by diabetes status. These findings underscore the need for age-sensitive, individualized nutritional management strategies that consider kidney function and DM status.

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Citations to this article as recorded by

Lessons from marine osmoregulation: Comparative perspectives on salt-sensitive hypertension and human kidney–cardiovascular protection
Wiharjo Hadisuwarno, Dante Saksono Harbuwono, Edwin Hadinata, Pringgodigdo Nugroho, Eka Ginanjar, Dananti Kusumawindani, Raymond Rubianto Tajndrawinata, Sovia Salamah, Fahrul Nurkolis
Current Research in Biotechnology.2026; 12: 100412. CrossRef

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Association between vitamin D status and triglyceride-glucose index among South Korean adults: a cross-sectional study: Sunhye Shin; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(2):101-107. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0013

Objective

Because vitamin D deficiency is associated with diabetes and insulin resistance, and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable marker of metabolic health, this study aimed to clarify the association between vitamin D status and the TyG index. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 4,819 participants from the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, stratified by age and sex. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) <20 ng/ mL, and a metabolically unhealthy state as a TyG index of ≥8.82 and ≥8.73 for men and women, respectively. Results: Approximately 46.9% of South Korean adults were vitamin D deficient, and 35.5% were metabolically unhealthy. After adjustment, blood 25(OH)D3 levels were inversely correlated with the TyG index in younger women (β=−0.004, standard error [SE]=0.002, P=0.039), middle-aged men (β=−0.006, SE=0.003, P=0.015), and older men (β=−0.008, SE=0.002, P=0.002). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher risk of a metabolically unhealthy state in middle-aged men (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11−2.28) and older men (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.31−3.55). Conclusion: These findings suggest that adequate vitamin D status may help maintain a metabolically healthy state, and the TyG index may help identify vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, particularly in middle-aged and older South Korean men.

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Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as an overlooked cause of chronic diarrhea after Billroth II gastrectomy identified through nutrition-focused assessment: a case report: Mijin Kang, Dal Lae Ju, Sookyoung Kim, Jiyoung Song, Youngran Kim; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(2):117-121. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0012

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Postgastrectomy diarrhea is often attributed to dumping syndrome or functional changes; however, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) from anatomical and physiological alterations may be an underrecognized cause of malabsorption and nutritional decline. Because EPI symptoms are often nonspecific, it may remain undiagnosed and lead to progressive malnutrition if untreated. This case report describes severe EPI identified via nutrition-focused assessment in a patient with persistent diarrhea after Billroth II gastrectomy, and the clinical response to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). A patient with a history of subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction for gastric cancer presented with chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, and hypoalbuminemia. Repeated endoscopic and radiologic evaluations identified no structural cause of diarrhea. Comprehensive nutrition-focused assessment indicated fat malabsorption, and fecal pancreatic elastase was markedly reduced (23.8 µg/g), confirming severe EPI. PERT with pancreatin containing 25,000 units of lipase (Norzyme) was initiated with meals. Posttreatment, steatorrhea resolved and bowel movements normalized without dietary fat restriction. Serum albumin levels subsequently normalized, and body weight returned to the normal range, indicating improved nutritional status. This case emphasizes the clinical value of nutrition-focused assessment in identifying treatable causes of malabsorption, such as EPI, in patients with persistent postgastrectomy diarrhea.

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Association between plant-based diet indices and depressive symptoms among South Korean adults: a cross-sectional study using the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: Soohyun Park, Yoon Jung Park; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(2):79-90. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0007

Objective

This study investigated the association between plant-based diet indices—overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI)—and depressive symptoms in South Korean adults.
Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed 5,846 participants (aged 19–64 years) using data from the 2014 and 2016 South Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary intake was assessed with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, from which PDIs were derived. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Survey-weighted linear and logistic regression models were applied to assess associations, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors.
Results
In fully adjusted models, higher overall PDI and hPDI were associated with lower PHQ-9 scores (β=−0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.41 to −0.04 and β=−0.16; 95% CI, −0.30 to −0.02 per 10-unit increment, respectively), whereas higher uPDI scores were associated with higher PHQ-9 scores (β=0.21; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.35 per 10-unit increment). For clinical depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥10), each 10-unit increase in overall PDI was associated with a 33% reduction in odds (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.89). Associations for hPDI and uPDI were attenuated and not statistically significant. Subgroup analyses revealed that these associations varied by sex, age, and obesity status.
Conclusion
Greater adherence to healthy plant-based foods and lower intake of less healthy plant-based foods were associated with fewer depressive symptoms among South Korean adults. These findings highlight the importance of plant-based food quality, rather than quantity alone, in supporting mental health.

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Clinical field survey and multidisciplinary expert in-depth interview study on food for special medical purpose products for patients: Ju Hee Kang, Hee-Jung Park, Hyo Jeong Lim, Jung Joo Lee, Bo-Eun Kim, Eun Joo Bae, Yeon Hee Lee, Dal Lae Ju, Young Ran Kim, Jin-Hee Yeom, Hee-Sook Lim, Ha-Neul Kim, Seul Bi Lee, Seo-Yeon Park, Hee Joon Baek, Yoo Kyoung Park; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(1):12-24. Published online January 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2026.0002

Objective

Food for special medical purpose (FSMP) has become essential in clinical nutrition care. However, comprehensive data on FSMP utilization practices among healthcare professionals in South Korea are limited. This study aimed to investigate perceptions, current practices, and needs regarding FSMP among healthcare professionals.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a cross-sectional survey of 417 healthcare professionals (47 physicians, 219 nurses, and 151 dietitians) from 90 institutions with focus group interviews of 24 Nutrition Support Team members from six institutions. Data were collected from May to October 2025.
Results
Substantial interphysician variability was observed in documentation for enteral formula prescriptions. Infusion rates were documented in 9.2% of the physician orders; feeding method was recorded in 14.1%. Across all professional groups, diarrhea was the most common reason for changing enteral formulas (36%–39%). In education related enteral formulas, 59.6% of the physicians expected dietitians to educate patients; however, this role was most commonly performed by nurses (59.8%). Dietitians prioritized hygiene (66.9%) and safety (64.2%) when selecting products, and 84.1% of the institutions were providing oral nutritional supplements.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the need for standardized prescription documentation, evidence-based feeding protocols, and clearly defined professional roles in multidisciplinary frameworks, to optimize FSMP utilization.

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Nutritional management of an adolescent undergoing bariatric surgery: a case report: Yooeun Yoon, Hosun Lee, Soo Min Ahn; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(1):64-71. Published online January 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2025.0035

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This case report describes the nutritional management and long-term outcomes of an adolescent undergoing bariatric surgery. A 13-year-old female patient with morbid obesity complicated by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) underwent sleeve gastrectomy in July 2021. The patient achieved significant weight loss, with a total weight loss of 43.3% and a body mass index reduction of 16.6 kg/m2 at 3 years post-surgery, which further increased to 18.6 kg/m2 by the fourth year. Remission of NASH, IGT, and PCOS was observed after 1 year. Postoperatively, vitamin D deficiency developed, whereas other biochemical parameters remained within normal reference ranges. Adherence to recommended nutritional supplementation was suboptimal; however, with continuous nutritional education and regular follow-up, the patient ultimately established and maintained a balanced dietary pattern. The case highlights the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in achieving sustained weight loss and improving obesity-related comorbidities in adolescents, while underscoring the critical role of continuous nutritional management, patient education, and individualized multidisciplinary care in supporting long-term postoperative success.

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Dietary management of pediatric patients with kidney disease: recommendations by the Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology and the Korean Society of Clinical Nutrition: Yo Han Ahn, Hee Gyung Kang, Jiyoung Song, Sangmi Han, Eujin Park, Jin-Soon Suh, Jeong Yeon Kim, Min Ji Park, Keum Hwa Lee, Seon Hee Lim, Kyeong Hun Shin, Hyunji Ko, Hyun Joo Lee, Eunyoung Jeong, Jinsu Kim, Sohyun Park, Eonju Choi, Yuri Seo, Kyooyung Oh, Jin Kyoung Kim, Hyun Kyung Lee; Clin Nutr Res 2026;15(1):1-11. Published online January 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2025.0033

Pediatric kidney disease has a lower prevalence than other pediatric conditions and has a notably different etiology from kidney diseases occurring in adults. Furthermore, the pediatric population is unique in that they experience ongoing growth and development, distinguishing them from adult patients. Consequently, pediatric patients with kidney disease require a more specialized and meticulous nutritional management plan compared with adult patients. To address this need and promote optimal dietary practices for pediatric patients with kidney disease, pediatric nephrologists from the Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology and nutritionists from the Korean Society of Clinical Nutrition have collaborated to formulate nutritional guidelines specifically tailored to Korean dietary patterns. These guidelines offer detailed, nutrient-specific recommendations regarding the consumption of energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium while providing practical, culturally relevant guidance intended to support both pediatric patients and their caregivers.

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Clinical Impact of Nutritional Intervention on Pressure Injury Healing in a Paraplegic Patient: A Case Report: Young ran Kim, Mi young Jang, Jun ho Park; Clin Nutr Res 2025;14(4):241-246. Published online October 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2025.14.4.241

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Pressure injuries are common complications in patients with limited mobility, particularly those who are bedridden. These wounds not only cause pain and reduce quality of life but also lead to prolonged hospitalization, increased risk of infection, and higher healthcare costs. Among the various contributing factors, malnutrition plays a crucial role by impairing collagen synthesis, weakening immune function, and delaying tissue repair. Adequate nutritional support—particularly sufficient protein and energy intake—is therefore an essential component of comprehensive pressure injury management. We present the case of a paraplegic patient who developed a vulvar pressure injury. A structured, stepwise nutritional intervention was implemented, including adjustment of meal composition based on appetite, supplementation with high-protein oral nutritional supplements, vitamins and minerals, and the use of probiotics to manage diarrhea. As a result, the patient’s daily protein intake increased from less than 10 g to 80–90 g, accompanied by progressive wound improvement. Serial clinical assessments showed reduced slough, increased granulation tissue formation, and epithelialization. This case highlights the vital role of individualized nutritional management within a multidisciplinary approach to pressure injury care. Stepwise nutritional intervention, tailored to the patient’s tolerance and clinical status, contributed significantly to wound healing. Nutritional optimization should be considered an integral component of effective pressure injury treatment strategies.