Most-cited are based on citations from 2024 ~ 2026.
The health benefits of dietary fiber are widely recognized, but its impact on muscle health remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and muscle strength through a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korea National Health and Examination Survey (KNHANES). Data from a single 24-h dietary recall and handgrip strength tests of 10,883 younger adults aged 19 to 64 years and 3,961 older adults aged ≥ 65 years were analyzed. Low muscle strength was defined as handgrip strength < 28 kg for men and < 18 kg for women. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of dietary fiber intake with muscle strength. Approximately 43% of Korean adults met the recommended intake of dietary fiber, and those with higher dietary fiber consumption also had higher total energy and protein intake. After adjusting for confounding variables, dietary fiber intake was found to be positively associated with maximal handgrip strength in younger women aged 19 to 64 years (β = 0.015; standard error [SE] = 0.006) and older men aged ≥ 65 years (β = 0.035; SE = 0.014). For older women aged ≥ 65 years, those in the lowest quartile of dietary fiber intake had a higher risk of low muscle strength than those in the highest quartile after adjustment of confounders (odds ratio 1.709; 95% confidence interval 1.130–2.585). These results suggest that adequate dietary fiber intake may reduce the risk of sarcopenia in older Korean women.
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Anxiety disorder is a prevalent psychiatric issue that affects 4.05% of the global population. As complementary and alternative medicine gains popularity, many individuals with anxiety symptoms seek herbal remedies. This systematic review aims to explore the sedative efficacy of chamomile as an herbal medicine for anxiety treatment. Our search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases until August 2023. Among 389 papers found, after removing duplicates and irrelevant papers, 10 clinical trials investigating the effect of oral consumption of chamomile on anxiety were included. Two researchers independently completed all steps, including the screening process and data extraction. Out of the 10 articles selected, 9 studies have concluded that chamomile is effective in reducing anxiety. Even though, the exact mechanism of chamomile’s anxiolytic action is not well understood, evidence suggests that its active compounds, including apigenin, may modulate the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis by affecting neurotransmitter pathways. This systematic review showed that chamomile potentially has an anxiolytic effect. In addition, due to the side effects of drugs used to treat anxiety disorders, the use of chamomile seems to be effective and less dangerous.
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Polymorphisms in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene with occurrence and progression of chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence for complex interrelationships, including direct and indirect effects of these variables. This review specifically focuses on studying the effects of healthy diet interaction and MC4R polymorphisms on the development of CVD. The quantity and quality of carbohydrates and proteins consumed are related to obesity susceptibility and cardiometabolic risk factors. A healthy dietary pattern such as a Mediterranean dietary can modulate the association between MC4R polymorphisms (rs17782313) and the risk of CVDs. Also, the Nordic diet can reduce lipid profiles such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol levels. On the other hand, MC4R interaction with the dietary inflammatory index decreases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increases LDL-C and triglyceride (TG) levels. Additionally, the DASH diet decreases TG, atherogenic index of plasma, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and serum glucose. The interaction between MC4R genes and diets plays an important role in the development of CVD. Adherence to healthy diets such as the Mediterranean, Nordic, Anti-inflammatory, and Dash diets might be an efficient strategy to prevent CVD. The potential for personalized diets to be developed for the treatment and prevention of CVD and its related comorbidities is expected to expand as this field develops.
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Malnutrition affect clinical outcomes in hospitalized old age patients, but the data on the related outcomes on the basis of different age categories are still limited. We aimed to investigate the interplay of associations among body mass index (BMI), falls risk, and mortality rate in different older adult patient age categories. This retrospective study included hospitalized patients aged ≥ 65 years who received artificial nutrition. Demographic, biochemical, and survival data were collected. BMI was evaluated using the World Health Organization BMI cutoffs for Asians, and patients were classified into high (≥ 23.0 kg/m2), normal (18.5−22.9 kg/m2), and low (< 18.5 kg/m2) BMI groups. The Morse Fall Scale was used to assess falls risk. By age categories, all patients (n = 4,642) were divided into the 65−74 (n = 2,649) and ≥ 75 (n = 1,993) years age groups. We found that the proportion of low-BMI and high risk of falls increased with age. Further, low-BMI was associated with increased falls risk in both age groups. Overall survival rate tended to be lower in the low-BMI and ≥ 75 years group than that in other patient groups, but did not differ significantly compared with the low-BMI and 65–74 years group. Low-BMI was associated with increased falls risk and mortality; however, the association depended on specific patient age groups.
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Meta-analyses have been conducted with conflicting results on this topic. Due to missing several eligible studies in previous meta-analysis by Lam et al., we conducted an extensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in this regard. A comprehensive search was conducted across various databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar, until November 2023. Based on the analysis of 33 studies comprising 2,047 individuals, it was found that there was a significant increase in body weight for each 1 g/day increase in omega-3 lipids (standardized MD [SMD], 0.52 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31, 0.73; I2 = 95%; Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation [GRADE] = low). Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids did not yield a statistically significant impact on body mass index (BMI) (SMD, 0.12 kg/m2; 95% CI, −0.02, 0.27; I2 = 79%; GRADE = very low), lean body mass (LBM) (SMD, −0.02 kg; 95% CI, −0.43, 0.39; I2 = 97%; GRADE = very low), fat mass (SMD, 0.45 kg; 95% CI, −0.25, 1.15; I2 = 96%; GRADE = low), and body fat (SMD, 0.30%; 95% CI, −0.90, 1.51; I2 = 96%; GRADE = very low). After excluding 2 studies, the findings were significant for BMI. Regarding the results of the dose-response analysis, body weight increased proportionally by increasing the dose of omega-3 supplementation up to 4 g/day. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can improve body weight, but not BMI, LBM, fat mass, or body fat in cancer patients; large-scale randomized trials needed for more reliable results.
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This review offers a comprehensive analysis of food for special medical purposes (FSMPs)—specially formulated foods designed to support the dietary management of individuals with specific medical conditions. The regulatory frameworks governing FSMP differ significantly across key regions, including the European Union, North America (with a focus on the United States), and Asia (primarily China and India). FSMP is critical in addressing malnutrition, metabolic disorders (including inborn errors of metabolism), and chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological conditions. Recent advancements, such as the application of three-dimensional printing technology and the growing emphasis on personalized nutrition, are poised to revolutionize the FSMP industry. The global market for FSMP is experiencing rapid growth, particularly in China, driven by factors like aging populations and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. Future trends suggest a shift toward more personalized, technologically advanced FSMP formulations. However, challenges such as high costs, limited accessibility, unclear regulations, and poor palatability must be addressed to maximize the potential of FSMP in enhancing patient care.
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This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension based on the data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Three databases (PubMed [MEDLINE], Scopus, and ISI Web of Science) were searched from inception up to August 10, 2024. Relevant studies meeting our eligibility criteria were obtained. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The methodological quality of individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. A total of 5 studies were included and analyzed using STATA software version 12. The results show that there is a significant decrease in systolic BP (WMD, −8.64 mmHg; 95% CI, −15.41 to −1.87; p ≤ 0.001) and diastolic BP (WMD, −4.87 mmHg; 95% CI, −8.37 to −1.37; p = 0.006) of patients with hypertension as compared to control groups. This study supported that flaxseed supplementation had favorable effects on BP control in hypertensive patients. It may be a promising adjuvant therapy for patients with hypertension.
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A diet rich in proinflammatory components and inflammation are suggested to be significant risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to investigate the association between the risk of MS and the inflammatory potential of an individual’s diet and dietary diversity through pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory food intake score (PAIFIS) and dietary diversity score (DDS). In a hospital-based case–control study, 397 participants, including 197 patients with MS and 200 healthy participants aged over 18 years, were evaluated. The history of smoking, dietary intake, and anthropometric characteristics, including body mass index, waist circumference, total body fat, and fat-free mass were assessed. A validated 160-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the PAIFIS and DDS scores. The mean age of the participants was 32.45 ± 8.66 years, and most were females (274, 79.4%). The PAIFIS score was significantly higher among MS patients than healthy participants (p = 0.001). Between PAIFIS and DDS, only PAFIS was significantly related to MS risk (odds ratio, 1.002; 95% confidence interval, 1.001–1.004; p = 0.001). PAIFIS, as an index of dietary inflammation, can predict MS. Further studies are needed to document these findings.
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Since the effects of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles are still controversial, this study conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles. The study was designed and conducted according to the guidelines of the 2020 preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statements. A systematic and comprehensive search was performed in several databases from inception up to 11 November 2023. The meta-analysis on the impact of Cinnamon on lipid profiles indicates a non-significant overall effect on low-density lipoprotein (weighted mean differences [WMD], −2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], −9.70, 4.72). However, significant reductions are seen with doses < 500 mg/day (−10.26), and non-significant increases with doses ≥ 500 mg/day (1.18). The overall effect on high-density lipoprotein is non-significant (WMD, 3.97; 95% CI, −7.877, 15.831), showing varying responses at different doses. Triglycerides exhibit a significant overall reduction (WMD, −6.88; 95% CI, −12.62, −1.15), particularly in the < 500 mg/day group. The overall effect on cholesterol is non-significant (WMD, −4.314; 95% CI, −15.011, 6.384), with diverse responses at different doses. High heterogeneity underlines the importance of standardized study designs and further exploration of dosage-specific effects. Findings from this study suggest that cinnamon supplements might be beneficial to modulate the blood lipid profile.
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The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the value of predictive equation (PE) standard care compared with indirect calorimetry (IC)-based nutrition therapy. The secondary aim was to compare the results among 3 groups to assess the accuracy of IC and PE. This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients admitted to the neurosurgery (NS) intensive care unit (ICU), from January 2019, to August 2020. Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary data were collected from NS ICU admission to discharge. If patients had an IC: PE ratio of 90%–110%, they were classified into the optimal estimation group (OEG); if the ratio was < 90%, they were classified into the underestimation group (UG); and if the ratio was > 110%, they were classified into the overestimation group (OG). There were no significant differences in anthropometric, biochemical, clinical data and nutrition assessment between baseline and discharge from the NS ICU. The OEG showed a larger cumulative caloric deficit rate compared to UG and OG, though this difference was not statistically significant. There was a negative association between calf circumference (CC) and length of stay (LOS). Repeated measures of CC showed a significant difference according to LOS and groups (p < 0.001). Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary data of 77 NS patients were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of concordance between IC and PE. The UG and OG showed a significant decrease in CC during hospitalization, but CC in the OEG was maintained or increased from 4 weeks onward.
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Following up with recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is necessary. Given the importance of psychological function accompanied by significant effects of food quality, we want to examine the association between food quality score (FQS) and mental disorders among recovered COVID-19 patients. This case-control study was performed on 246 eligible adults. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate dietary intake. We using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaires to evaluate the psychological function. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for score categories of the FQS index and psychological function in multivariate-adjusted models. Only in case subjects, we found significant associations between adherence to the FQS diet and depression, anxiety, and stress in the crude model (OR, 0.796, 95% CI, 0.661–0.958, p = 0.016; OR, 0.824, 95% CI, 0.707–0.960, p = 0.013; OR, 0.824, 95% CI, 0.709–0.956, p = 0.011, respectively). These associations remained significant in all two adjusted models. However, no significant associations were found between FQS and psychological functions in the control group. Our data suggests that overall food quality intake is associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms during the post-infection period. Also, adequate daily intakes of fruits, legumes, nuts, and whole grains are associated with reduced risks of psychological impairment and sleep disorders which are common among recovered patients.
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A food exchange list is a tool developed to help diabetic patients control their energy intake and plan balanced meals. Korean food exchange lists were first developed in 1988, revised in 1995, and updated again in 2010. With rapidly changing dietary habits and increasing demand for diverse food cultures, the Korean Diabetes Association in cooperation with 4 related organizations established a Task Force Team (TFT) to revise food exchange lists in March 2022. Starting with a workshop, TFT held 11 official revision meetings, culminating in a public hearing in May 2023. The final revised version of Korean food exchange lists was published in December 2023. Key outcomes of the revision are summarized as follows: 1. Based on the National Standard Food Composition Table 10.0 database, the existing classification system and nutrient standards for each food group remain unchanged this time. 2. Based on a survey conducted among diabetes educators, the number of items on the food exchange lists has increased from 339 in 2010 to 435 this time. 3. Considering patients’ usual eating habits, meal planning examples were developed distributing food group exchange units by energy level based on 3 types of proportions of carbohydrate energy (40%–45%, 50%–55%, 60%–65%). 4. Due to limitations in real-time updates for rapidly changing information, detailed guidance on how to access and interpret the data is provided. These revisions will help people with diabetes manage their blood sugar levels and facilitate the implementation of healthy meal planning in various other conditions, including obesity.
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Estimating the nutritional requirements for pediatric patients requires a comprehensive approach with various factors including age, gender, body mass index, and physical activity level, due to the significant growth and developmental changes observed in this population. This complexity renders the use of a simplistic generalization or a standard formula impractical. A number of methodologies have been established to calculate nutritional needs for the pediatric population. However, the application of these methodologies is challenging due to the variability in the aforementioned factors. Determining nutritional requirements for pediatric patients with underlying medical conditions is complicate, influenced by variables such as the nature of the illness, treatment modalities, and the patient’s overall condition. Nutritional support in severely traumatically brain-injured pediatric patients is directly correlated with prognosis and growth outcomes. Therefore, this case study aims to validate existing methodologies for estimating nutritional requirements in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury and to provide primary data for the development of effective nutritional support strategies. A case of a 5-year-old male patient admitted to the intensive care unit due to severe traumatic brain injury is examined. Future case studies and ongoing research are imperative to ensure the safe and effective nutritional support of pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
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This study analyzed the 2019 Community Health Survey data to compare and analyze the health levels and life satisfaction of single-person elderly households based on food security. The final study subjects were 15,606 single-person elderly individuals aged 65 and above. These subjects were classified based on their response to food security into three groups: food sufficient-diverse, food sufficient-not diverse, and food insufficient. The study results showed that the proportion of the food insufficient group among single-person elderly households was 7.4% for men and 10.6% for women, with a slightly higher rate for female elderly. Both male and female elderly over 80 years of age, with low education levels, and basic living support recipients showed significantly higher proportions in the sufficient-not diverse and food insufficient groups. For male elderly, significant differences were observed in subjective health status and oral health level in the food insufficient group, and for female elderly, stress levels also showed significant differences. Life satisfaction scores were generally lower for female elderly compared to male, and significant differences were found in both male and female elderly based on food security. Common factors that significantly influence life satisfaction among single-person elderly households, both male and female, include food security, subjective health status, and living environment satisfaction, with food security being the most impactful factor. The study suggests that it is necessary to include these significant factors in the development of various social activity programs, such as dietary programs, to enhance life satisfaction and food security of single-person elderly households.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder with widespread synovitis. Isoflavones, the main active component of soy, have been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory effects; the previous RA animal models showed the promising effect of soy supplementation. We aimed to evaluate the effect of soy bread on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in RA patients. The present study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. RA patients were randomly allocated to obtain soy bread (n = 22) or placebo bread (n = 22) for 8 weeks. Fasting serum levels of lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and DAS28 were checked. Findings showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in physical activity and dietary intake at the beginning of the study and the end of the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in measured lipid profile markers, including high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein, at the end of the trial. In addition, TAC and CRP also were not significant at the end of the trial between the 2 groups (0.66 and 0.12, respectively). However, the serum levels of TNF-α reduced significantly in the soy bread group at the end of the intervention (p < 0.000) and compared with the control group (p < 0.019). Soy bread consumption only decreased circulating TNF-α serum concentration. Other outcome measures were not changed following supplementation. Future long-term, well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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