Recently several studies have attempted to investigate the association between vitamin D and microbiota. However, studies have reported inconsistent results. This narrative review aimed to investigate the potential association between vitamin D and microbiota population in the gut by pooling together the results from observational studies and clinical trials. We considered animal and human studies in this field. Several studies have shown the correlation of vitamin D deficiency with microbiota. Furthermore, interventional studies were emerging that vitamin D change the microbiota composition in which leads to an increase in beneficial bacteria, such as
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This study aimed to investigate the current state of foodservice management and demands for improvement in long-term care hospitals. The survey was performed in experienced dietitians working at 25 hospitals. General characteristics, status of sanitary management (document management, self-assessment of importance and performance), necessity and ranking of sanitary management items were investigated. Approximately 2.5 dietitians worked in each hospital, but only 7 (28.0%) hospitals employed clinical dietitians. From the questionnaire, the scores of the importance in sanitary management and performance were 4.5 ± 0.7 and 4.3 ± 0.9, respectively, and were significantly different (p = 0.000). Participants also reported “special therapeutic diets management” and “compliance with standards of refrigerating time, food, method management” had the lowest importance and performance, respectively. The result of Importance-Performance Analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between importance and performance (R2 = 0.427). However, items such as “performing hand hygiene” and “compliance with standards of refrigerating time, food, method” and etc. had low importance recognition with low performance. All participants reported “preparing sanitary management standards was necessary” is necessary and “development of sanitary management manual” is the most important. These findings suggest that sanitary management is important in food service management of long-term care hospitals, and improving awareness is required. Developing a hospital foodservice hygiene manual would ensure better safety and quality for patient care and public health.
Adiponectin, and leptin are adipose tissue derived hormones affecting metabolic status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and leptin levels, and cardiometabolic parameters by obesity status among healthy women without metabolic disease. Finally 141 participants were included in the analyses and categorized into three groups by their body mass index (kg/m2) (normal weight: 18.5 ≤ body mass index [BMI] < 23.0, n=65; overweight: 23.0 ≤ BMI < 25.0, n=26; obesity: 25.0 ≤ BMI, n=50). Overweight and obesity groups were older, and had significantly higher levels of adiposity, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and lower levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol than normal weight group. Circulating leptin levels, and leptin to adiponectin ratio were highest in obesity group, but circulating adiponectin levels were not statistically different among the three groups. Circulating leptin levels were negatively correlated with adiponectin levels, and leptin to adiponectin ratio. In addition, leptin levels were positively correlated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, and hs-CRP, and negatively with HDL-cholesterol. However, circulating adiponectin levels were negatively correlated only with waist circumference, and hs-CRP. These patterns were retained after adjusted for confounding factors such as age, smoking and drinking habits, menopausal status and total calorie intake. In conclusion, circulating adiponectin and leptin levels according to obesity status were differently observed among healthy women, and circulating leptin levels may be a more sensitive parameter for cardiometabolic risk in healthy women.
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Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is prevalent among hemodialysis (HD) patients and is associated with poor outcomes. There are various methods for nutritional status evaluation in HD patients. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. We aimed at comparing the method validities of normalized protein catabolic ratio (nPCR) and malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) with subjective global assessment (SGA) in HD patients. We examined 88 HD patients using SGA and MUST questionnaires. The nPCRs were calculated using pre-dialysis and post-dialysis BUN and Kt/v. Also, PEW of patients was assessed based on the criteria of the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Methods' specificity, sensitivity, and precision rates were assessed. Correlations between methods were analyzed using Pearson-correlation. Based on the SGA, MUST, and nPCR methods, almost 41%, 30%, and 60% of patients had malnutrition, respectively. According to the criteria, more than 90% of patients had PEW. SGA was positively and significantly associated with MUST (p ≤ 0.001). Sensitivity for SGA, MUST, and nPCR methods were 100%,100%, 1.8%, and their specificity were 98%, 98%, and 4%, and their precision rates were 99.7%, 98.7%, and 3%, respectively. From various methods of nutritional assessment (SGA, MUST, and nPCR), compared to SGA as the common method of nutrition assessment in hemodialysis patients, MUST had the nearest specificity, sensitivity, and precision rate and nPCR method had the lowest ones. nPCR seems to be a flawed marker of malnutrition and it should be more investigated if MUST can be used instead of SGA.
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Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Among several methods for treating obesity, the use of dietary supplements is common recently. One supplement that can help in this regard might be vitamin B6 in high doses. The
objective
of this study was to evaluate the effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation on anthropometric indices, body composition, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and metabolic status in obese and overweight women. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 44 obese and overweight women aged 18–50 years were selected and divided randomly into 2 groups: an intervention group (receiving 80 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride supplement for 8 weeks) and a control group (receiving placebo for 8 weeks). In the pyridoxine hydrochloride group, weight (p = 0.03), body mass index (p = 0.023), fat mass (p = 0.003), waist circumference (p = 0.005), VAI (p = 0.001), fasting insulin, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides (TG) and leptin (p < 0.001) decreased whereas adiponectin (p < 0.001) increased in comparison to the baseline values. There was a significant difference in fat mass, VAI, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and TG between pyridoxine hydrochloride and control groups following intervention in adjusted models (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that vitamin B6 supplementation may be effective in reducing BMI and improving body composition and biochemical factors associated with obesity.
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier:
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In this study, the association between dietary pattern and lifestyle in predicting hypertension (HTN) among 425 overweight and obese children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years was evaluated. In the current cross-sectional study, the lifestyle-scoring algorithm was developed considering the Iranian Health Reform Plan (HRP) criterion. HTN was defined according to standard protocols. Hierarchical linear regression models were used for the analysis. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 5.82%. The results showed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) had significant positive correlation with age (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.005 and p < 0.007), respectively. Moreover, DBP had a significant correlation with fruit consumption of less than 2 servings per day versus no consumption (p = 0.014, B = 0.444), fruit consumption of more than 2 servings per day versus no consumption (p = 0.014, B = 0.480), and vegetable consumption less than 3 servings per day versus no consumption (p = 0.045, B = −0.374). Moreover, DBP had a significant correlation with fast foods/junk foods consumption of 1–2 items per week versus almost daily consumption (p = 0.047, B = −0.177). The final model could predict 32.1% of HTN by SBP and DBP (R2 = 0.32). According to our findings, lower intake of vegetables and fruits, higher amounts of fast foods, higher age and BMI could be potent predictors of high blood pressure among Iranian children and adolescents.
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Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of garlic on serum adiponectin levels. We searched Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library to databases up to January 2021. RCTs investigating the effects of garlic on serum adiponectin levels in adult participants were included. The change in serum adiponectin levels was estimated using weighted mean differences (WMD) and standard deviations (SD). The random effects model was used to provide a summary of mean estimates and their SDs. Out of 386 records, 6 trials with 8 arms treatment which enrolled 266 subjects were included. Garlic supplementation resulted in a non-significant increase in adiponectin concentrations when compared to placebo, according to the pooled data (WMD, 0.27 Hedges' g; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.07, 0.62; p = 0.124). Greater effects on adiponectin were observed in trials with supplementation dose less than 1.5 gram per day (WMD, 0.71 Hedges' g; 95% CI, −0.01, 1.43; p = 0.600) and in trials with female subset (WMD, 0.62 Hedges' g; 95% CI, −0.96, 2.21; p = 0.441). Garlic boosts adiponectin levels in general. However, due to different target population, various units for reporting adiponectin level and few eligible studies in final analysis, more research is needed to get a firm conclusion about the influence of garlic on adiponectin levels.
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For patients with citrullinemia type 1, nutritional management is essential to prevent the occurrence of complications associated with hyperammonemia. This report describes a patient who had been receiving nutrition intervention for more than 3 years. A newborn diagnosed with hyperammonemia due to citrullinemia visited Ajou University Hospital and was referred to the nutrition team. After receiving acute treatment, the infant was regularly fed with specialized formula. A protein-restricted diet is recommended for maintaining normal development and achieving long-term survival. Through continuous provision of nutritional intervention, the child showed normal growth and development, and the energy-protein supply was maintained appropriately. This case clearly shows the importance of medical nutrition therapy for patients with citrullinemia.
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