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Review Article

Nutritional Management of Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)

Haewook Han1, Adam M. Segal2, Julian L. Seifter3, Johanna T. Dwyer4
Clinical Nutrition Research 2015;4(3):137-152.
Published online: July 31, 2015

1Department of Nephrology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associate, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

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Corresponding author: Haewook Han. Address Department of Nephrology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, 133 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Tel +1-617-421-2111, Fax +1-617-421-1066, hhan1@comcast.nethaewookhan@gmail.com
• Received: July 6, 2015   • Revised: July 20, 2015   • Accepted: July 20, 2015

© 2015 The Korean Society of Clinical Nutrition

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Nutritional Management of Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Clin Nutr Res. 2015;4(3):137-152.   Published online July 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2015.4.3.137
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Nutritional Management of Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Clin Nutr Res. 2015;4(3):137-152.   Published online July 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2015.4.3.137
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Nutritional Management of Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Image Image Image
Figure 1 Type of stones. Light microscopy of urine crystals. (A) Hexagonal cystine crystal (200X); (B) coffin-lid shaped struvite crystals (200X); (C) pyramid-shaped calcium oxalate dehydrate crystals (200X); (D) dumbbell-shaped calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal (400X); (E) rectangular uric acid crystals (400X); and (F) rhomboidal uric acid crystals (400X). Reprinted with permission by Elsevier and reference [12].
Figure 2 Model of idiopathic hypercalciuria.
Figure 3 Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Nutritional Management of Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Table 1 Type of stones

Courtesy from Dr. J. Seifter, Harvard Medical School, Renal Division Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston

Table 2 Normal values of 24-hour urinalysis

Range: courtesy from Litolink Corp, Chicago, IL, RTA: renal tubular acidosis, PCR: protein catabolic rate, CRI: chronic renal insufficiency, UA: uric acid, Cr: creatinine.

Table 3 Risk factors of kidney stone

PKD: polycystic kidney disease, DM: diabetes mellitus, GI: gastrointestinal, Ox: oxalate, UA: uric acid, CaP: calcium phosphate, CaOx: calcium oxalate

Table 4 Conditions favoring development of various kidney stones
Table 5 Summary of evaluation of stone disease

Adapted from practice guideline at department of nephrology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associate.

Table 6 Acid-ash and alkaline-ash foods

Modified from reference [66].

Table 7 Management of all types of kidney stones

PTH: parathyroid hormone, RTA: renal tubular acidosis.

Table 8 Dietary recommendation to prevent kidney stones

Adapted from reference [55].

National Kidney Foundation: Diet Guidelines for Kidney stone. Litolink Corp, Chicago, IL.

Table 9 Oxalate content of foods

Sources: references [80818283].

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