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Review Article

Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Effects of Fish Oil derived Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colon Carcinogenesis

Ja Young Lee1orcid, Tae-Bu Sim1, Jeong-eun Lee1orcid, Hye-Kyung Na1,2orcid
Clinical Nutrition Research 2017;6(3):147-160.
Published online: July 28, 2017

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Correspondence to Hye-Kyung Na. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, 55 Dobong-ro 76ga-gil, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01133, Korea. Tel: +82-2-920-7688, Fax: +82-2-920-2076, nhkdec28@gmail.com
• Received: July 3, 2017   • Revised: July 13, 2017   • Accepted: July 17, 2017

Copyright © 2017. The Korean Society of Clinical Nutrition

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Effects of Fish Oil derived Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colon Carcinogenesis
Clin Nutr Res. 2017;6(3):147-160.   Published online July 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2017.6.3.147
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Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Effects of Fish Oil derived Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colon Carcinogenesis
Clin Nutr Res. 2017;6(3):147-160.   Published online July 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2017.6.3.147
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Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Effects of Fish Oil derived Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colon Carcinogenesis
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Figure 1 Metabolic formation of EPA and DHA and their conversion to anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving metabolites with chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials.EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; n-3, omega-3; ASA, aspirin; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; CYP450, cytochrome P450; 18S-HEPE, 18S-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; 18R-HEPE, 18R-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; 18S-RvE1, 18S-resolvin E1; RvE1, resolvins E1; 5-LOX, 5-lipoxygenase; 17S-HDHA, 17S-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid; 17R-HDHA, 17R-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid; PD1, protectin D1; RvD1, resolvin D1; 17R-RvD1, 17R-resolvin D1.
Figure 2 Chemotherapeutic effects of n-3 PUFAs on colon carcinogenesis.n-3, omega-3; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; n-6, omega-6.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Effects of Fish Oil derived Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colon Carcinogenesis
Table 1 Therapeutic effects of dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs in colon cancer patients

n-3, omega-3; FA, fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; CRC, colorectal cancer; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; LTB4, leukotriene B4; LTB5, leukotriene B5; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HEPE, hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid; CRP, C-reactive protein; n-6, omega-6.

Table 2 Combination/synergistic effects of n-3 PUFAs with chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents

n-3, omega-3; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; OX, oxaliplatin; SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency; CR, complete response; CSC, cancer stem cell; CSLC, cancer stem-like cell; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; IRI, irinotecan; p-XSC, 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; Pgp, p-glycoprotein; MRP1, multidrug resistance related protein 1; AOM, azoxymethane; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; NO, nitric oxide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; LTB4, leukotriene B4; MPO, myeloperoxidase; AP, alkaline phosphatase.

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