Malnutrition is prevalent among older patients, leading to increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and diminished quality of life. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) facilitates the evaluation of multifaceted health issues, enabling individualized nutritional interventions. This case report describes nutritional management guided by CGA in a 75-year-old female hospitalized for severe hypernatremia with significant malnutrition and high-risk for refeeding syndrome. Upon admission, CGA identified multiple comorbidities, cognitive impairment, and complete dependence on caregivers for daily activities. Due to persistent refusal of oral intake, enteral nutrition (EN) was cautiously initiated at 25% of the target energy requirement, with close monitoring of electrolyte levels. Despite an initial decrease in phosphorus levels suggestive of refeeding syndrome, gradual advancement of nutritional support successfully stabilized her clinical condition. Following discharge, structured caregiver education was provided to support EN at home; however, suboptimal intake persisted due to gastrointestinal intolerance, resulting in weight loss. Post-discharge follow-ups identified feeding rate-related symptoms, necessitating formula adjustments and caregiver re-education. This case emphasizes the critical role of CGA in early malnutrition detection, individualized nutritional intervention, prevention of refeeding syndrome, and the importance of continuous post-discharge monitoring and caregiver education. Although the findings are limited by the single-case design, proactive CGA-based nutritional interventions remain crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes in older patients hospitalized due to acute medical problems. Further research involving larger samples and prolonged follow-up periods is required to validate the long-term benefits of CGA-based nutritional intervention.
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for sustained weight reduction, and it can result in substantial improvements in the severity of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and quality of life. However, sleeve gastrectomy, a weight loss surgery that removes two-thirds of the stomach, reduces appetite and nutrient absorption, impairing digestion and the absorption of nutrients like iron, vitamin B12, and protein-bound nutrients. This case study aims to demonstrate that patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy require long-term and periodic monitoring of biochemical data, weight changes, and caloric and protein intake by a professional nutritionist to prevent malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies. In this case study, a 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with morbid obesity, hypertension, sleep apnea syndrome, and chronic gastritis. At initial evaluation, she was 160 cm tall and weighed 89 kg, with a body mass index of 34.8 kg/m2. At 1 postoperative year, she consumed 650 kcal and 25 g of protein per day, the percentage of excess weight loss was 141.1%, and body mass index was 21 kg/m2. Compared to preoperative levels, calcium and folic acid levels did not decrease after 1 postoperative year, but hemoglobin, ferritin, and vitamin B12 levels decreased. In conclusion, when patients experience rapid weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy, follow-up should be frequent and long. Dietary education should be conducted according to digestive symptoms, and oral nutritional supplements, including vitamins and minerals.
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) causes many complications such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis. Most patients undergoing HSCT have risk for malnutrition in the process of transplantation so artificial nutrition support is required. The purpose of this case report is to share our experience of applying nutrition intervention during the transplantation period. According to HSCT process, the change of the patient's gastrointestinal symptoms, oral intake and nutritional status was recorded. By encouraging oral intake and providing parenteral nutrition, the patient had only 0.3%, losing weight during the transplantation period. In conclusion, it emphasized that the nutritional status changes during the HSCT period should be closely monitored and nutritional management through appropriate nutritional support and interventions in hospital and after discharge.
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The present study was performed to evaluate the relationship between dietary quality indices including the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) and glycemic status in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 110 consecutive outpatients with type 2 diabetes who visited 2 university hospitals in Seoul and Seongnam from April 2004 to November 2006 were enrolled as subjects. At the time of enrollment, anthropometric parameters, dietary habits, experience of exercise, and metabolic parameters were obtained. Experienced registered dietitians collected one-day dietary intake using the 24-hour recall method. The mean scores for DQI-I, AHEI, and HDI were 68.9 ± 8.2, 39.4 ± 8.9, and 5.0 ± 1.3, respectively. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and energy intake, DQI-I and HDI were found to have a significant correlation with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (r = -0.21, p < 0.05; r = -0.28, p < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose (r = -0.21, p < 0.05; r = -0.23, p < 0.05), and postprandial 2-h glucose (r = -0.30, p < 0.05; r = -0.26, p < 0.05, respectively). However, AHEI did not have a significant correlation with HbA1c. In conclusion, the DQI-I and HDI may be useful tools in assessing diet quality and adherence to dietary recommendations in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Future research is required to determine whether the dietary quality indices have predictive validity for dietary and glycemic changes following diet education in a clinical setting.
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