This study aimed to identify major dietary patterns among Korean adolescents, examine their changes over the past 16 years, and evaluate differences by sex. Data were analyzed from 7,679 adolescents aged 12–18 years who participated in the 2007–2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and completed health, examination, and nutrition surveys. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour recall, and cluster analysis was performed based on the energy contribution of 26 food groups. Associations between dietary patterns and nutrient intake were examined using survey-weighted linear regression. Three dietary patterns were identified: Bread, Meat, & Dairy (33.1%); Rice-based Diet (45.5%); and Convenient Foods (21.3%). Among boys, the Rice-based Diet group showed the highest prevalence of obesity and the largest proportion of low-income households, whereas the Bread, Meat, & Dairy group exhibited higher rates of supplement use and high-income status (all p < 0.05). Among girls, the Convenient Foods group tended to be older and was more likely to skip breakfast, consume alcohol, eat out daily, and perceive themselves as overweight (all p < 0.05). Over the 16-year period, adherence to the Bread, Meat, & Dairy pattern increased, whereas adherence to the Rice-based Diet pattern declined in both sexes (p < 0.01). These findings highlight a shift toward Westernized dietary patterns among Korean adolescents. Accordingly, nutrition policies and interventions should adopt tailored strategies that account for both sex and socioeconomic differences to promote healthier eating habits and support long-term adolescent health.

In this study, the effects of a 12-month multidisciplinary education program on the health status, dietary quality, and eating habits of children and adolescents attending community childcare centers were investigated. A total of 88 participants aged 7 to 17 years from 7 community childcare centers in Gyeonggi-do were enrolled. The intervention consisted of 12 multidisciplinary education sessions covering topics such as nutrition, exercise, and psychological education. All participants received the same education, and the effectiveness of the program was evaluated by categorizing them into a high participation group (HPG) and a low participation group (LPG) based on their participation rates. After intervention, in physical activities, moderate-intensity exercise was significantly reduced in the LPG, and there was no significant difference in psychological parameters. However, notable differences were observed in nutritional data. After intervention, intakes of calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and fat were significantly increased in both groups, and in particular, the change was found to be greater in HPG. Additionally, dietary fiber intake compared to the 2015 Korean Dietary Reference Intakes was increased in both groups. Daily food intake also increased dietary fiber intake in HPG, and meat and fruit intake was increased in LPG. In the nutrition quotient, there was a significant difference in HPG’s pre- and post-scores in the diversity category, and in nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the NAR of phosphorus was increased in both groups. The findings of this study suggest that multidisciplinary education implemented at community childcare centers primarily enhanced nutrition-related factors rather than physical activity or psychological aspects.