This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary acidity load and clinical symptoms in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This case-control study examined 55 patients with RA and 215 healthy individuals in a Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCDs) cohort study, Iran. Participants’ food intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The dietary acidity was calculated using potential renal acid load (PRAL), net endogenous acid production (NEAP), and dietary acid load (DAL) scores. The patients with RA were identified based on the self-reporting, medications history, and the approval of the cohort center physician following patients’ examination. The odds ratio (OR) of joint stiffness in fully adjusted model was greater in the upper median of dietary acidity than in the lower median (PRAL: odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–2.36), but there was no statistically significant difference. The OR of joint pain in the upper median of dietary acidity was less than in the lower median in fully adjusted model (PRAL: OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.46–1.29), but the difference was not statistically significant. After adjusting potential confounders, people in the upper median of dietary acidity had a higher OR of developing RA than those in the lower median (PRAL: OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.70–2.76); however, it was not statistically significant. There was not any statistically significant relationship among dietary acidity and the odds of joint pain, joint stiffness, and developing RA.
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Obesity is a substantial public health challenge across the globe. The use of resistant starch has been proposed as a probable management strategy for complications of obesity. We investigated the effects of resistant starch intake on lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation marker, blood pressure, and anthropometric variables in subjects with overweight or obesity. In this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 crossover trial, 21 Participants (mean age, 35 ± 7.0 years; body mass index, 32.4 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were given 13.5 g Hi-Maize 260 or placebo daily for 4 weeks, separated by a 4-week washout period. Changes in total antioxidant status (p = 0.04) and serum concentrations of insulin in 52.4% participants with insulin levels above 16 µIU/mL at the baseline (p = 0.04) were significantly different in the three phases. In addition, the mean of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol after the intervention was significantly higher than after baseline value (p = 0.04). We found no significant differences in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde, blood pressure, and anthropometric variables in the three phases of baseline, after intervention with resistant starch and after placebo. Resistant starch consumption improved serum insulin concentrations, lipid profiles, and antioxidant status in subjects with overweight or obesity.
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Flaxseed is one of the rich sources of α-linolenic acid and lignan. Flaxseed and its components have antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. The study aimed to investigate the effect of flaxseed enriched yogurt on glycemic control, lipid profiles and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, open-labeled, controlled clinical trial was conducted on 57 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants were assigned to receive 200 g 2.5% fat yogurt containing 30-g flaxseed or plain yogurt daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometrics and biochemical parameters were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. After 8 weeks of supplementation, Hemoglobin A1c was significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to control (p = 0.007). Also, at the end of the study, significant differences were seen between the flaxseed enriched yogurt and control groups in triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.02 and p = 0.002, respectively). However, we did not find any difference between 2 groups in low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, body weight and waist circumference (p > 0.05). Our results showed that the addition of flaxseed to yogurt can be effective in the management of type 2 diabetes.
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